Louisiana · Haynesville Shale · Cotton Valley

Sell Mineral Rights
in Caddo Parish,
Louisiana.

Caddo Parish sits in the western edge of the Haynesville Shale fairway, with more than a century of oil and gas history layered beneath it. From the original 1906 Caddo-Pine Island field to modern dry-gas horizontals, Caddo minerals have been producing for a long time. If you own rights here, we are happy to help you understand what you have.

1906
First Discovery
Caddo-Pine Island field
~12,000ft
Haynesville Depth
typical TVD
7,500ft
Common Lateral
with longer pilots
Drygas
Haynesville Output
methane-rich
10yr
LA Prescription
servitude rule
01 The Basin

A century of production
under one parish.

Caddo Parish sits in the far northwestern corner of Louisiana, anchored by Shreveport on the Red River. Geologically, the parish covers part of the East Texas / North Louisiana Salt Basin, a deep sedimentary trough that has produced oil and gas continuously since the early twentieth century. The 1906 Caddo-Pine Island discovery north of Shreveport was one of the earliest commercial oil fields in Louisiana and helped launch the regional industry.

What makes Caddo distinctive today is the layering. The shallow and middle-depth Cotton Valley sands and the deeper Haynesville Shale stack on top of each other, and many parts of the parish have been productive in both. Modern horizontal Haynesville development began around 2008 and the play remains one of the largest dry-gas resources in the United States, supplying Gulf Coast LNG export terminals and interstate pipeline grids.

Caddo Parish minerals often sit beneath multiple generations of production, with old vertical Cotton Valley wells, modern Haynesville horizontals, and sometimes both flowing under the same tract.

If you are reading this, you may own a piece of that. Maybe you inherited minerals that have been producing for decades. Maybe production stopped years ago and you are wondering whether the rights are even still alive under Louisiana's prescription rule. Maybe an operator just sent you a lease offer or a forced-pooling notice. This page walks through the rock, the operators, the geography, valuation, and the regulatory landscape including Louisiana's distinctive mineral law.

Starting point

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02 The Rock

Stacked pay across a
deep Mesozoic column.

Caddo Parish's productive geology layers Mesozoic sands and shales on top of one another. The Haynesville Shale is the deepest active horizontal target. Above it sits the Cotton Valley group, which has been a workhorse for vertical production for many decades and supports some horizontal development as well. Older shallower zones produce in places too.

Haynesville ShaleUpper Jurassic dry-gas shale

The Haynesville is a thick, organic-rich, overpressured shale of Upper Jurassic age. It is the primary modern horizontal target in Caddo Parish and across the broader play in DeSoto, Bossier, and Red River parishes plus East Texas counties. Wells produce dry gas at high initial rates with steep declines and long tails. Modern completions use very large amounts of proppant per lateral foot.

For mineral owners, Haynesville development typically means one or more horizontal wells per drilling unit. Some units have seen multi-vintage development as operators return to drill additional wells over time. Because the play is dry gas, royalty income tracks natural gas prices, which can be volatile.

Depth Range
10,500 to 13,500 ft
Type
Organic-rich shale
Product
Dry natural gas
Typical Lateral
7,500 ft, longer pilots
Cotton ValleyLower Cretaceous sand and lime

The Cotton Valley group sits above the Haynesville and includes sandstone and limestone intervals that have produced gas and some oil for decades. Cotton Valley vertical wells have been drilled across Caddo for many decades, and some operators have developed horizontal Cotton Valley laterals where reservoir quality supports it. Many Caddo mineral owners receive royalty income from older Cotton Valley wells that continue to produce at modest rates.

For mineral owners, the practical implication is that even tracts without active Haynesville development may have legacy Cotton Valley production still flowing, and remaining Cotton Valley inventory can support continued shallower-zone activity over time.

Depth Range
8,000 to 10,500 ft
Type
Sand, lime, mixed
Product
Gas, some condensate
Status
Long legacy, selective horizontal
Bossier & Shallower Targetssecondary horizons

Above the Cotton Valley sits the Bossier shale, which has been a selective horizontal target where rock quality supports it. Shallower formations including Pettet, Hosston, and the very shallow Nacatoch and Annona chalks have produced legacy oil and gas across Caddo for many decades. The original Caddo-Pine Island field produced from these shallower intervals.

For mineral owners, the practical implication is that Caddo's geology has many layers of historic and current production. Tracts may have multiple types of activity over time, and old shallow vertical production from the early twentieth century is part of what makes Caddo title work uniquely complicated.

Bossier Depth
~9,500 to 11,000 ft
Shallow Zones
2,000 to 5,000 ft
Status
Selective horizontal, legacy vertical
Where Active
Variable across parish
03 The Operators

Who is drilling on your
Caddo Parish minerals.

The Haynesville operator landscape is concentrated among a handful of large public and private gas-focused producers. The four operators below are leaders in Caddo and the surrounding Haynesville parishes. Caddo also has many smaller operators running legacy vertical and horizontal Cotton Valley wells.

i.
Comstock Resources
Comstock Resources is one of the largest pure-play Haynesville operators and holds a substantial position across Caddo, DeSoto, and surrounding parishes. The company is majority-owned by Jerry Jones and has built its strategy around long-life dry-gas inventory in the play. Comstock has been an active driller of long-lateral Haynesville wells.
Public · Pure-play Haynesville
Top Haynesville Producer
ii.
Aethon Energy
Aethon Energy is a privately held producer that has assembled one of the largest Haynesville positions through acquisitions and continued drilling. Aethon operates across Caddo and the broader play and has built integrated gathering and processing infrastructure to support long-term development. As a private operator, public information is more limited but drilling activity has been consistent.
Private · Major Haynesville
Top 3 in Play
iii.
Indigo Natural Resources / Southwestern
Indigo Natural Resources was a major private Haynesville operator before being acquired by Southwestern Energy in 2021. Southwestern itself was then combined with Chesapeake Energy in 2024 to form Expand Energy, now one of the largest US gas producers. Acreage from this lineage is active across Caddo and the surrounding parishes.
Public · Now Expand Energy
Top 5 in Play
iv.
Long Tail of Public and Private Operators
Caddo Parish has many additional operators including BPX Energy (BP), Rockcliff Energy now combined with Tokyo Gas's TG Natural Resources, Vine Energy now part of Chesapeake / Expand, GEP Haynesville, and a substantial number of smaller operators running legacy Cotton Valley and shallower vertical wells. Mineral owners may see different operator names on different wells depending on which unit and which formation.
Mixed · Many active
Many Active Operators
See a familiar name?

We know how these operators develop in Caddo Parish. Happy to give you context on yours.

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04 The Geography

Not all Caddo Parish
minerals are built the same.

Caddo covers roughly 900 square miles in the far northwestern corner of Louisiana, bordered by Texas to the west and Arkansas to the north. The Haynesville fairway runs through the southern and central parts of the parish. Where in the parish your minerals sit shapes everything from formation depth to operator activity to the type of legacy production beneath your tract.

Southern Caddo / DeSoto Border
South Caddo near DeSoto Parish
The most active modern Haynesville area within Caddo. Units here continue across the DeSoto Parish line into the heart of the play. Operators have drilled multiple Haynesville horizontals per unit, and some units have seen later-vintage wells return to drill additional inventory.
Activity: Highest Development: Mature, infill
Central Caddo / Shreveport
Around Shreveport
Central Caddo is anchored by Shreveport. Activity here is mixed, with Haynesville drilling concentrated outside the urban footprint and significant legacy Cotton Valley vertical production throughout. Surface use considerations affect timing and pad locations near populated areas.
Activity: Moderate Development: Mixed, urban-adjacent
Caddo-Pine Island Area
North of Shreveport
The historic Caddo-Pine Island field, discovered in 1906, is one of the oldest oil fields in Louisiana. Shallow legacy production continues at modest rates, and the area has complex multi-generational mineral ownership. Modern Haynesville development is limited here compared to southern Caddo because the deeper section thins to the north.
Activity: Light modern, heavy legacy Development: Shallow vertical
Western Caddo / Texas Border
Western Caddo near Harrison Co. TX
Western Caddo runs to the Texas state line and the eastern edge of the Texas Haynesville. Activity here ties into operator footprints that often span both states. Cross-border spacing and unit considerations occasionally affect leasing dynamics for owners near the line.
Activity: Moderate to High Development: Active
Northern Caddo / Arkansas Border
Northern Caddo near Miller Co. AR
Northern Caddo transitions toward the Arkansas state line and the far northern edge of the Haynesville fairway. Modern horizontal activity thins substantially in this direction as the deeper section becomes less prospective. Legacy shallower production remains across parts of this area.
Activity: Light Development: Selective
Red River Bottomlands
Red River corridor
The Red River bisects Caddo and creates a corridor of bottomland with its own surface and title considerations. Riverbed and ownership questions in some areas have been litigated over the years. Mineral interests along the corridor often have unique title histories worth understanding before any transaction.
Activity: Variable Development: Title-sensitive
05 Your Valuation

What your Caddo Parish
mineral rights are worth.

Valuation in Caddo reflects a parish with deep legacy production layered under modern Haynesville activity. Dry-gas Haynesville economics tie directly to natural gas prices, which can be more volatile than oil. Cotton Valley legacy production tends to be steadier but at lower rates. The four scenarios below cover what we see most often.

01
Producing Haynesville Minerals with Active Royalty Income
Valued on cash flow plus remaining inventory
If your Caddo minerals are producing from Haynesville horizontals, valuation typically starts with the trailing twelve months of royalty income. A buyer applies a multiple based on remaining well life, the number of additional Haynesville locations expected on the unit, and gas price outlook. Because Haynesville is a dry-gas play, valuations move with natural gas prices more than oil-driven plays do.
What shapes the number: well vintage and remaining life across each existing horizontal, how many additional Haynesville locations remain undrilled on the unit, your royalty rate, the operator quality, and your lease post-production cost language.
02
Legacy Cotton Valley or Shallow Vertical Production
Valued on long-tail steady income
Many Caddo mineral owners receive small but steady royalty checks from old Cotton Valley vertical wells or even older shallow production. These wells decline slowly and can produce for decades at modest rates. Valuations are typically based on a multiple of current cash flow with limited credit for new drilling unless the underlying tract is also prospective for Haynesville.
What shapes the number: current monthly royalty, well decline curve and remaining life, whether the tract has Haynesville depth potential underneath, and the cost of the operator's continued operations.
03
Small Fractional Interests & Inherited Positions
Often more complicated than they look
Many Caddo mineral owners hold small fractional interests inherited through Louisiana succession proceedings, sometimes across multiple generations. Louisiana title is more complicated than most states because of the prescription rule and the civil-law system. Tracts that have not produced for ten or more years may have prescribed back to the surface owner. We do this title research routinely and are comfortable with the Louisiana specifics.
What shapes the number: whether the servitude is still alive, net mineral acre count, royalty rate if leased, current production status, and whether other heirs holding the same chain are also active.
04
Unleased or Recently Pooled Minerals
Valued on lease terms and forced-pooling status
If your Caddo minerals are unleased or have been force-pooled into a unit, value depends on the specific situation. An unleased owner facing a forced-pooling election has real choices to make about whether to participate, lease, or be carried as unleased. Valuations factor in nearby drilling activity, expected timing, and the operator's plans.
What shapes the number: your election status under Louisiana pooling rules, your royalty rate if leased, the specific operator and its development plans, recent drilling in adjacent units, and whether your lease has Pugh-clause or depth-severance language.
Your specific situation

We would rather look at real facts than speak in generalities. Send us what you have.

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06 The Regulatory Landscape

Louisiana law,
Haynesville realities.

Caddo Parish operates under Louisiana's distinctive oil and gas regime, administered primarily by the Louisiana Office of Conservation within the Department of Natural Resources. Louisiana's civil-law tradition and unique mineral-servitude doctrine make its mineral law genuinely different from neighboring Texas and other oil-producing states.

The Office of Conservation and how units work

The Louisiana Office of Conservation regulates oil and gas activity, permits wells, conducts hearings on unit applications, and administers forced pooling. The state's public well and unit database is called SONRIS and is publicly accessible. Modern Haynesville units are typically formed at large enough sizes to accommodate long horizontal laterals, often spanning multiple sections.

The Louisiana prescription rule

Louisiana treats mineral rights as a servitude, not a fee estate. A mineral servitude prescribes (extinguishes) after ten years without operations or production sufficient to maintain it. This means inherited mineral interests where production stopped a long time ago may no longer exist as a legal matter, having reverted to the surface owner. Determining whether a servitude is alive is often the first step in any Caddo title review and we do this routinely.

Forced pooling and election options

When an operator cannot get every owner in a proposed unit to lease voluntarily, Louisiana allows the Office of Conservation to force-pool the unit. Unleased owners have election options: participate by paying their share of well costs, sign a lease, or be carried as unleased subject to risk charges that the operator recoups out of the owner's share of production before any net revenue is paid. Most small mineral owners do not participate, but understanding the choices when a unit is being formed is important.

Post-production costs and Haynesville gas

Haynesville gas requires gathering, dehydration, compression, and transportation to reach interstate pipelines and ultimately Gulf Coast LNG export terminals. These post-production costs can be deducted from royalty owners' share depending on lease language. Older Cotton Valley leases often have different cost language than modern Haynesville-vintage leases. Reading your specific lease's post-production cost language matters.

Parish records and conveyances

The Caddo Parish Clerk of Court in Shreveport maintains the parish conveyance and mortgage records, which is where mineral deeds, leases, and successions are recorded. Caddo's records go back well over a century and tracing a chain of title for older interests can be involved. Louisiana succession procedures, which transfer property at death, are also recorded at the parish level.

07 Questions We Hear Often

The real questions
mineral owners ask.

We have been through these conversations hundreds of times. Below are honest answers to the things people actually want to know.

01
How much are mineral rights worth in Caddo Parish, Louisiana?
Values in Caddo Parish vary considerably depending on whether your minerals sit in the active Haynesville fairway, whether they are leased or producing, your royalty rate, and the operator. Caddo has a long production history that includes both legacy Cotton Valley vertical wells and modern Haynesville horizontals, and those two situations valuate very differently. The only way to know what your specific minerals are worth is to look at the actual facts. We are happy to do that for you, at no cost and with no obligation to sell.
02
What is the Haynesville Shale and why does it matter for Caddo Parish?
The Haynesville is a deep, dry-gas shale that sits at roughly 10,500 to 13,500 feet across northwest Louisiana and east Texas. It was one of the first major US shale plays unlocked by horizontal drilling and modern completions, starting around 2008. Caddo Parish sits in the western part of the play. Because the Haynesville produces dry gas, its activity tracks natural gas prices closely, and operators have meaningful remaining inventory across most of Caddo and neighboring DeSoto and Bossier parishes.
03
Louisiana uses prescription rules. What does that mean for my mineral rights?
Louisiana is unique among oil and gas states in that mineral rights are treated as a servitude rather than a fee estate. If a mineral servitude goes ten years without production or drilling activity, it can prescribe (extinguish) and revert to the surface owner. This is the Louisiana ten-year prescription rule. It matters a lot for older inherited mineral interests where production may have stopped years ago. We can help check whether a servitude is still alive based on what you have.
04
I inherited mineral rights in Caddo Parish but I do not have any documents. What do I do?
Start by gathering whatever you do have: old letters from operators, royalty stubs, division orders, tax statements, succession papers. The Caddo Parish Clerk of Court in Shreveport keeps conveyance records. The Louisiana Department of Natural Resources maintains a public well and unit database called SONRIS. We can usually identify what someone owns with just a name and a rough idea of where the minerals are located, because Louisiana mineral records are publicly accessible.
05
Should I sell my Caddo Parish mineral rights now or hold them?
That depends on your situation. People who hold typically want long-term royalty income and are comfortable with natural gas price volatility, which can be significant for a dry-gas play like the Haynesville. People who sell typically want to convert future uncertain income into certain present value, simplify their estate, or use the capital for something else. Caddo's mix of legacy production and remaining Haynesville inventory makes both cases reasonable. We can help you think through the tradeoffs without pressure to pick a side.
06
My royalty statements have a lot of cost deductions. Is that normal in Louisiana?
Post-production cost deductions on Haynesville gas are common because dry gas requires gathering, compression, dehydration, and transportation to interstate pipelines before it reaches the sales point. Whether your specific lease permits which deductions depends entirely on the lease language. Older Cotton Valley leases often have different language than modern Haynesville leases. Reading your lease carefully and checking how the operator is calculating deductions is worth doing. We can help review your statements and lease language together if helpful.
07
What is forced pooling in Louisiana and how does it affect me?
Louisiana allows the Office of Conservation to force-pool mineral interests into a drilling unit when an operator cannot get every owner to lease voluntarily. If you are unleased, you can elect to participate (pay your share of well costs) or be carried as an unleased owner subject to risk charges. Most small mineral owners are not set up to participate. Understanding your election options when a unit is being formed matters. We can help walk through the choices.
08
Can I sell mineral rights I inherited if other family members inherited the same minerals?
Yes, you can sell your undivided fractional interest without needing the other heirs to participate. This is extremely common in Caddo Parish, where many interests have been subdivided across generations of heirs through Louisiana succession proceedings, often spread across multiple states. A good buyer will work with your specific interest, not require you to round up cousins. We do this all the time.
09
How does the sale process actually work?
Step one, we do the research. You send us what you have, we pull SONRIS and parish conveyance records, we check operator activity in the unit, and we build an analysis. Step two, we send you a written summary with our reasoning. Step three, if you want to proceed, we handle the mineral deed preparation, you sign at a notary, and funds are wired at close. We move on your timeline, whether that is quick or deliberate. There is no charge for the research and no obligation to sell.
10
Why should I sell to Timberline Minerals specifically?
We are a family-owned office with roots in Texas and Montana. We work across the primary US basins and we are comfortable with Louisiana specifics including the prescription rule, forced pooling elections, parish-level conveyance research, and Haynesville post-production cost language. We work with mineral interests of all sizes including small fractional positions. Our process is straightforward: we research the tract, share what we find, and make an offer. The decision to sell is yours, and we are happy to help you understand what you have either way.

Find out what your
Caddo Parish minerals
are actually worth.

Send us what you have, or what you think you have. We will pull SONRIS and parish records, check operator activity in your unit, look at the prescription history if needed, and put together a plain-English summary with our reasoning laid out. If it makes sense to go further, we move on your timeline. If not, you have a free breakdown you can take anywhere.

Free · No Obligation · Your Timeline